基于供应网络能力研究框架分析我国乡村旅游供应链发展现状

游客需求的多样化、旅游目的地功能强化、信息技术影响加剧都在表明传统的旅游模式已经 无法再满足的客户的需求与市场的变化，旅游供应链的构建与优化是发展旅游业的大势所趋。本文 将借助供应网络能力的研究框架，从网络定位、网络构造、网络管理三个方面分析我国旅游供应链的 发展现状。     

促进粮食作物适度规模化生产的关键问题及解决方法

本文将从土地流转、种粮主体以及种粮方式等角度出发，指出当今促进粮食作物适度规模化 生产的关键问题，进而提出针对性的有效解决方法，以期为有关人员提供可靠参考。     

麦油稻轮作秸秆还田与施氮对水稻光合特性及产量的影响

以宜香优2115为材料,采用二因素裂区设计:主区设小麦或油菜秸秆全量翻埋还田(M_1)和秸秆不还田对照(M_0);副区设4个氮肥管理,不施氮(N_0),基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为10∶0∶0∶0(N_1),基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为3∶3∶2∶2(N_2),基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为2∶2∶3∶3(N_3),研究秸秆还田和氮肥管理对直播稻的光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:麦–稻或油–稻轮作下,氮肥管理对直播稻主要生育时期的干物质积累、光合特性及产量均存在显著或极显著的调控效应,秸秆还田显著影响水稻拔节期、齐穗期的叶面积指数(LAI)及群体干物质积累,同时油–稻轮作下其调控效应高于麦–稻轮作模式。秸秆不还田时,配合N_3施肥方式,可有效提高直播稻结实期剑叶净光合速率、SPAD值和叶面积指数,延缓叶片衰老,且在拔节期至成熟期间保持较高的群体生长率,干物质积累优势明显;秸秆还田下,配以基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为3∶3∶2∶2的管理模式,麦茬或油茬直播稻群体构建合理,结实期剑叶光合能力强,有效穗、每穗粒数较多,表现高产,产量最高可达10 090、10 693 kg/hm~2。综合分析,麦–稻或油–稻轮作下秸秆还田,配合基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为3∶3∶2∶2的氮肥管理模式,能实现直播稻的高产稳产。     

达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价

生态系统服务功能是生态系统与生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,对其服务价值进行货币化评价,可以推动自然资源可持续利用,促进区域生态环境保护。以达里诺尔湖湿地为研究对象,结合达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统的结构、特征及其生态过程特点,通过资料搜集与实地调研,运用资源经济学理论和方法,对达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值进行了划分。构建了达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价指标体系,并对其进行了价值评价。评价结果显示达里诺尔湖湿地的服务价值为93.70×10⁴万元,其中直接使用价值为2.19×10⁴万元,占比为2.36%,间接使用价值为91.51×10⁴万元,占比为97.66%。各项生态系统服务功能中以调节空气湿度价值最大,为82.76×10⁴万元,占总服务价值的88.32%。     

浅谈古聚落理水理念对海绵型乡村建设的启示——以岳阳张谷英村为例

文章以海绵城市理念和乡村振兴政策为指导背景,采用实地考察及文献查阅的研究方法,对岳阳张谷英古聚落选址时自然水系的选择利用及对水系的人工控制进行分析和探讨,试图如实还原符合地域性的理水系统,诠释其从生态环境和人工构筑层面呼应海绵系统的“渗、蓄、滞、净、排、用”六个过程,初步印证“海绵乡村”理念与张谷英古聚落理水理念的一致性,为美丽乡村建设提供一定的启示和借鉴。     

Optimizing aphid biocontrol with the predator Aphidoletes aphidimyza,based on biology and ecology

Aphidoletes aphidimyza is one of the most important predators used in the augmentative biological control of aphids, key pests of many crops worldwide. Adult females are very efficient in locating aphid infestations over a relatively long range, up to 45 m, and deposit eggs near or within aphid colonies. The predatory larvae are aphid generalists preying on several agriculturally important aphid species. The successful use of this biocontrol agent in agricultural systems depends on several biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, aphid species, plant structure, interspecific competition and intraguild predation may significantly impact the predator´s population dynamics. Key abiotic conditions include day lengths (above a critical threshold to prevent diapause), availability of mating sites in the crop, temperature (above 15 °C to enable egg laying), air relative humidity (above 70%) and availability of pupation sites. Although several successes have been reported in open field crops with naturally occurring or released populations, commercial releases are primarily used in protected crops. Optimized emergence boxes combining provisioning of food sources for the adults, integration with the technological advances that occurred in the greenhouse environment lately, insights into the nutritional ecology in open field crops and exploration of the genetic variability are proposed as future directions to improve adoption and efficacy of A. aphidimyza in crop protection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry